However, the recalcitrant character of such feedstocks impedes biological conversion and represents a major cost barrier 2, 3. Our work provides insights into the mechanisms by which natural microbiomes effectively deconstruct and utilize lignocellulose at high solids loadings, informing the future development of defined cultures for efficient bioconversion.īiological production of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks is of high interest as society navigates a transition away from fossil resources 1. Stress-response proteins accompanying these reactions are similarly upregulated at higher solids, as are β-glucosidases, xylosidases, carbohydrate-debranching, and pectin-acting enzymes-all of which indicate that removal of deconstruction inhibitors is important for observed undiminished solubilization. ![]() Significant enrichment of auxiliary activity family 6 enzymes at higher solids suggests a role for Fenton chemistry. Metaproteomic interrogation reveals marked increases in the abundance of specific carbohydrate-active enzyme classes. This community exhibits undiminished fractional carbohydrate solubilization at loadings ranging from 30 g/L to 150 g/L. To this end we characterize Nature’s ability to deconstruct and utilize mid-season switchgrass at increasing solid loadings using an anaerobic methanogenic microbiome. Economically viable production of cellulosic biofuels requires operation at high solids loadings-on the order of 15 wt%.
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